Neraca massa pangan (food mass balance)

Food mass balance in this term is defined as how many un husk rice are produced all over country and how much natural resources are required especially natural gas as raw material of synthetic fertilizer to ensure quantity target of rice cultivation.

Table of food mass balance :

Quantity of natural gas exploration: 2.95 tscf

- natural gas for export : 1.60 tscf

- natural gas for other : 1.02 tscf

- natural gas for fertilizer processing : 0.33 tscf

Natural gas for fertilizer processing : 6,379,560 tons 

Water for fertilizer processing : 22,966,416 tons

Air for fertilizer processing: 23,787,893 tons

Fertilizer for domestic consumption : 9,000,000 tons

Fertilizer for exported : n/a

Cultivated unhusked rice : 65,385,183 tons

Other cultivated products : n/a

Hulled rice : 42,500,369 tons 

Rice straw : 96,770,071 tons

Rice husk : 22,884,814 tons

Total rice field area : 13,224,379 hectares

Indonesia population 2011 : 240,778,999

The consumption rate of (hulled) rice for Indonesian people nowadays reaches 177 kgs per capita annually. Several alternative foods are being progressively developed. Development of new rice field purposes to increase required food mass in line with increased population.

Fig. Hulled rice  

(Courtesy of Kiranaagro, 2012)

Until now rice tungro virus disease is a threat to national rice production. The disease is caused by rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) and rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTSV), and is vectored mainly by green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens. Tolerant rice varieties to RTBV that have been released, such as variety Tukad Unda, is able to survive at low to moderate disease pressure, but not at high one.  Of particular interest is a variety that resistant to RTSV, such as Tukad Petanu (parental variety: Utri Merah), is relatively more durable, where this variety has survived for more than 10 years.

The intensification research to improve new type of rice was being progressively developed. A number of promising rice variety were produced for example BP364B-MR- 33-3-PN-5-1. This type was released as the first variety of Fatmawati. This variety derived from a cross between upland rice line BP68C-MR-4-3-2 and an improved lowland rice variety Maros. Variety Fatmawati has the characteristics of sturdy stem, low to medium number of all productive tillers, long and dense panicle, early maturing, moderately resistant to brown plant hopper and bacterial blight, and have good grain and eating quality. In a multilocation trial, Fatmawati produced grain yield comparable to that of IR64. In 2011, an integrated crop management yielded 30% more than IR64.