Organic decomposition anaerobically in the rice field release methane gas. Methane is wellknown as one of green house gas. Typical emission of methane gas in rice field varies between 100 until 800 kg per hectare per season. Optimization in rice cultivation technique alleviates methane gas emission either padi seed selection, organic fertilizer utilization, irrigation water adjustment, or herbicide application.
Fig. Rice straw on rice field
Padi (Oryza sativa, unhusked rice) cultivation also produces rice straw and rice husk. Traditional utilization of rice straw includes breed bedding, mushroom, pulp material, fuel and burn. Agriculture technology also explores of rice straw compost and animal feed with (ruminansia) or without fermentation to improve added value of rice straw. Rice straw is also potentially utilized for animal feed through ammonization process by preparing 4% urea solution to immerse rice straw anaerobically within 1 to 2 weeks.
Each hectare of wet rice field release 5 tonnages of rice straw and 1 ton of rice husk. This biomass can be converted to electricity. It means that 1 MW electric requires 1500 hectares rice field. In a few quantity, rice straw was employed in nanoparticle research to calcinated temperature up to 1000oC.
Paper industry employs rice straw as raw material for specific paper. Typical capacity of paper industry up to 5000 tonnages per annum at Padalarang - West Java utilizes rice straw raw material collected from farmers around paper plant area.
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