Arang hayati (biochar)

The biowaste processing of manure and cellulose wastes convert them to become biochar through burning process called pyrolysis. This biochar is probably known as arang hayati. Nowadays biochar is preferably utilized for land medium of orchid flower.

Fig. Biochar

(Courtesy of PTPN X, 2012)

Ancient Japanese called biochar as fire manure, whereas ancient Amazonese called biochar as terra preta. Rice grain contains of 18 to 22% rice hush, and proportionally with 45 to 55 % weight of rice straw.

Traditionally, farmers sometimes burn the rice straw and timber pieces to become biochar. This biomass residue is available in large amount all over country, however its utilization was never recorded properly.

Fig. Biochar production

(Courtesy of International Biochar Initiative, 2012)

Biochar role improves land nutrient for long period. It requires comprehensively examination of benefit either for land improver or fuel. Organic fertilizer benefits in shorter period than land improver. Pyrolysis produces biochar and bio-oil or typical biodiesel. However commercial activity in relation with convertion of rice straw into biodiesel was regulated due to social impact consideration.